翻译难题,为何翻译让人“头秃”不已?

翻译难题,为何翻译让人“头秃”不已?"/

Okay, "让人头秃" (ràng rén tóu tū) is a very popular and vivid Chinese internet slang phrase. It literally means "makes one's head go bald," but it's used metaphorically to describe situations, problems, or tasks that are extremely difficult, tedious, frustrating, overwhelming, or just generally annoying and hard to deal with, often to the point of making you want to pull your hair out.
Here are several ways to translate it, depending on the specific nuance you want to convey:
"More Direct / Figurative Equivalents (keeping the metaphor):"
1. "Makes you want to pull your hair out:" This is probably the closest and most common English equivalent for the frustration aspect. 2. "Makes your head spin:" Often used for things being confusing or overwhelming. 3. "Makes you want to go bald:" A more literal but understandable translation of the original phrase. 4. "Is enough to make your hair fall out:" Similar to the above.
"Focusing on the Difficulty / Stress / Overwhelm:"
5. "Is incredibly difficult:" Simple and direct about the difficulty. 6. "Is extremely challenging:" Similar to above, perhaps slightly more formal. 7. "Is overwhelming:" Good for situations that are too much to handle. 8. "Is a real headache:" A common English idiom for a frustrating problem or situation. 9. "Is m

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图/ 肖振铎


翻译让人“头秃”

文/达伯·霍尔斯

发于2019.7.29总第909期《中国新闻周刊》


最近尝试了译书,深深地感到翻译是一门学问。从音译和意译两条大道当中选择音译,是第一步;选择合适的译字,是第二步。走对路就是翻译家,走岔了,就不小心变成了幽默家。

有人说,意译为“伤感的”的sentimental如果改为音译的话,就是“山东馒头”。当你对着一个伤春悲秋的人说出“你真是山东馒头”的时候,可能食不下咽的他或她会突然感觉饿了。还有“钻石矿”diamond mine,有人说音译加意译就是“呆萌的我”,不过很可惜,钻石珠宝公司暂时没有想到用它作为广告创意,迎合在可爱之路上飞驰的年轻人。

很多词汇其实都不太适合音译,一般来说,音译只适用于一些专有名词,但接下来择字就非常重要了。比如将Firenze 译为翡冷翠,Champs-élysées译成香榭丽舍,Fontainebleau译成枫丹白露,这都是经典。再比如卡布奇诺(Cappuccino),有一次喝咖啡时,有位长辈跟我说,Cappuccino听起来不就是“看不起我”吗(可以尝试用四川话念出来)?

音译最常见的用处就是在翻译人名上,这时择字还是要审慎。鲁迅在杂文《不懂的音译》中就谈到,对于外国人名,老老实实地音译就挺好的,这样至少可以根据译例推断出原始发音。“不料直到光绪末年,在留学生的书报上,说是外国出了一个‘柯伯坚’倘使粗粗一看,大约总下免要疑心他是柯府上的老爷柯仲软的令兄的罢,但幸而还有照相在,可知道并不如此,其实是俄国的Kropotkin。”把俄国理论家克鲁泡特金(Kropotkin)译成类似中文的“柯伯坚”,就和将托尔斯泰(Tolstoi)译成“陶斯道”一样,虽然是显得格外亲切了,却也让人有点摸不着头脑。

不过,汉学家给自己取的中文名又是另外一回事了。比如,史景迁(Jonathan D. Spence),Spence译为史,Jonathan译为景迁,在发音上说得过去,在意思上更妙,就是史学追迹影从司马迁,而且司马迁一般也被称为史迁;还有夏含夷(Edward L. Shaughnessy),听到这个名字就能让人联想到孟子说的“用夏变夷”,也就是以诸夏文化影响中原地区以外的僻远部族。看着这些译名,一种穿梭于不同文化之间的自如身姿跃然而出。

话说回来,近代史料当中的音译最是让人“头秃”。中国历史上第一个驻外大使郭嵩焘的日记中记录了一则趣闻:1878年9月26日(光绪四年九月初一),德、日等国驻英公使一起聚会闲谈。“问:巴兰德较在中国为瘦?答曰:梭罗麦克斯法尔。马格里云:舍克斯比尔所编出本语也。译云:伤心会胖。”这里的“梭罗麦克斯法尔”,如果不是作者补上一句“伤心会胖”,谁能知道它是“sorrow makes fat”的音译呢?而且,还是莎翁——舍克斯比尔(Shakespeare)的名句呢!

发布于 2025-08-29 01:27
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