探秘词根词缀,解锁语言奥秘的钥匙

探秘词根词缀,解锁语言奥秘的钥匙"/

我们来详细了解一下"词根词缀"(Word Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes)。
这是一种非常重要的"构词法"(Word Formation),尤其在英语学习中,通过掌握词根词缀,可以:
1. "猜测生词词义":看到不认识的单词时,如果能识别出其中的词根词缀,就能大致推断出它的意思。 2. "扩大词汇量":理解了词根词缀,可以更快地记住一系列相关的单词。 3. "理解单词结构":有助于深入理解单词的内在逻辑。
"一、 什么是词根 (Word Root)?"
"定义":词根是一个单词最核心、最基本的部分,它承载了单词最原始、最基本的意义。 "特点": 通常是一个独立的词或词干。 不能单独使用(或者说很少单独使用)。 是添加前缀或后缀构成新词的基础。 "例子": `port` (拉丁语,意为 "carry") 是 `import`, `export`, `transport`, `portable`, `portals` 等单词的词根。 `vis`/`vid` (拉丁语,意为 "see") 是 `visible`, `vision`, `video`, `visit`, `advise` 等单词的词根。
"二、 什么是

相关内容:

fer=bring,carry,表示“带来,拿来”

  1. ferry /ˈferi/
    中文释义:渡运;渡口,渡船
    英文释义:to carry people or goods across a river or other area of water by boat; a boat or ship used for this purpose, or the place where it operates
    构词:fer(带来)+ -ry(名词 / 动词后缀)→ 带来带去的工具或动作→渡运,渡船
    例句:The ferry crosses the channel every hour.(渡船每小时横渡海峡一次。)
  2. confer /kənˈfɜː(r)/
    中文释义:协商,谈判;授予(称号、学位等)
    英文释义:to discuss something formally with other people; to give someone an official title, honour, or degree
    构词:con-(共同)+ fer(带来)→ 共同带来观点→协商
    例句:They conferred for several hours on the best way to proceed.(他们就最佳方案协商了几个小时。)
  3. conference /ˈkɒnfərəns/
    中文释义:会议,研讨会
    英文释义:a formal meeting for discussion or training
    构词:confer(协商)+ -ence(名词后缀)→ 协商的场合→会议
    例句:She’s attending a conference on environmental issues next week.(她下周要参加一个环境问题研讨会。)
  4. conferment /kənˈfɜːmənt/
    中文释义:授予(称号、权利等)
    英文释义:the act of giving someone an official title, honour, or right
    构词:con-(共同)+ fer(带来)+ -ment(名词后缀)→ 共同带来的东西→授予(奖品、称号等)
    例句:The conferment of the degree will take place in July.(学位授予仪式将在 7 月举行。)
  5. offer /ˈɒfə(r)/
    中文释义:提供,提出;出价
    英文释义:to provide or make available something; to say that you are willing to do something for someone or give them something
    构词:of-(一再)+ fer(带来)→ 一再带来→提供
    例句:He offered me a job in his company.(他在他的公司给我提供了一份工作。)
  6. offering /ˈɒfərɪŋ/
    中文释义:提供物;祭品,供品
    英文释义:something that is offered; something that is given to God or a god as a religious act
    构词:offer(提供)+ -ing(名词后缀)→ 提供的东西→提供物
    例句:The museum has a new offering of modern art exhibitions.(博物馆新增了现代艺术展览。)
  7. conifer /ˈkɒnɪfə(r)/
    中文释义:针叶树(如松、柏等)
    英文释义:a type of tree that produces cones and has leaves that are like needles
    构词:coni-(松果)+ fer(带来)→ 带来松果的树→针叶树
    例句:Conifers are common in cold northern regions.(针叶树在寒冷的北方地区很常见。)
  8. coniferous /kəˈnɪfərəs/
    中文释义:松柏科的,针叶树的
    英文释义:relating to or consisting of conifers
    构词:conifer(针叶树)+ -ous(形容词后缀,表 “… 的”)→ 针叶树的
    例句:The forest is mostly coniferous, with many pine trees.(这片森林以针叶树为主,有很多松树。)
  9. odoriferous /ˌəʊdəˈrɪfərəs/
    中文释义:有气味的(常指芳香或难闻的)
    英文释义:having a smell, especially a strong one
    构词:odori-(气味)+ fer(带来)+ -ous(形容词后缀)→ 带来气味的
    例句:The garden was filled with odoriferous flowers.(花园里满是芳香的花朵。)
  10. floriferous /flɒˈrɪfərəs/
    中文释义:多花的,开花的
    英文释义:producing many flowers
    构词:flori-(花)+ fer(带来)+ -ous(形容词后缀)→ 带来花朵的→多花的
    例句:The floriferous shrub adds color to the garden all summer.(这株多花灌木整个夏天都为花园增添色彩。)
  11. aquiferous /əˈkwɪfərəs/
    中文释义:含水的,蓄水的
    英文释义:containing or carrying water
    构词:aqui-(水)+ fer(带来)+ -ous(形容词后缀)→ 带来水的→含水的
    例句:The aquiferous rock layer provides water for the village.(这个含水层为村庄提供水源。)
  12. circumference /səˈkʌmfərəns/
    中文释义:圆周,周长;四周,周围
    英文释义:the length of the outer edge of a circle; the outer edge of a circular object
    构词:circum-(环绕)+ fer(带来)+ -ence(名词后缀)→ 带来环绕的长度→周长
    例句:The circumference of the Earth is about 40,000 kilometers.(地球的周长约为 40,000 公里。)
  13. defer /dɪˈfɜː(r)/
    中文释义:延期,推迟;尊敬,服从
    英文释义:to delay something until a later time; to show respect for someone or their opinion
    构词:de-(强调 / 坏)+ fer(带来)→ 带来 “延后” 的结果→延期;强调 “带来敬意”→尊敬
    例句:We decided to defer the meeting until next week.(我们决定把会议推迟到下周。)
  14. deferment /dɪˈfɜːmənt/
    中文释义:延期,暂缓
    英文释义:the act of delaying something until a later time
    构词:defer(延期)+ -ment(名词后缀)→ 延期的行为
    例句:He applied for a deferment of his loan payments.(他申请延期偿还贷款。)
  15. deference /ˈdefərəns/
    中文释义:尊敬,敬重
    英文释义:polite behavior that shows respect for someone
    构词:defer(尊敬)+ -ence(名词后缀)→ 尊敬的态度
    例句:She treated her elders with deference.(她对长辈很尊敬。)
  16. differ /ˈdɪfə(r)/
    中文释义:不同,有区别;意见不合
    英文释义:to be different from something; to have a different opinion from someone
    构词:dif-(分开)+ fer(带来)→ 分开带来(不同的东西)→不同
    例句:Our opinions differ on this matter.(我们在这个问题上意见不同。)
  17. difference /ˈdɪfrəns/
    中文释义:差别,差异;分歧,争论
    英文释义:a way in which two or more things are not the same; a disagreement
    构词:differ(不同)+ -ence(名词后缀)→ 不同之处
    例句:What’s the difference between these two computers?(这两台电脑有什么区别?)
  18. differentiate /ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt/
    中文释义:区分,辨别;使不同,分化
    英文释义:to recognize or show the difference between things; to make something different from other things
    构词:different(不同的)+ -iate(动词后缀,表 “使… 化”)→ 使不同→区分
    例句:It’s important to differentiate between fact and opinion.(区分事实和观点很重要。)
  19. infer /ɪnˈfɜː(r)/
    中文释义:推断,推论
    英文释义:to form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you have
    构词:in-(进入)+ fer(带来)→ 带进(意义)→推断
    例句:From her smile, I inferred that she was happy with the news.(从她的笑容中,我推断她对这个消息很满意。)
  20. inferable /ɪnˈfɜːrəbl/
    中文释义:可推知的,可推断的
    英文释义:able to be inferred from something
    构词:infer(推断)+ -able(形容词后缀,表 “可… 的”)→ 可推断的
    例句:The conclusion is inferable from the evidence provided.(从提供的证据中可以推断出这个结论。)
  21. inferential /ˌɪnfəˈrenʃl/
    中文释义:推理的,推论的
    英文释义:based on inference rather than direct evidence
    构词:infer(推断)+ -ent(形容词后缀)+ -ial(形容词后缀)→ 推理的
    例句:The study uses inferential statistics to analyze the data.(这项研究用推论统计分析数据。)
  22. indifferent /ɪnˈdɪfrənt/
    中文释义:冷漠的,不关心的;无关紧要的
    英文释义:not interested in or caring about something; not important
    构词:in-(不)+ different(不同的)→ 对 “不同” 无所谓→冷漠的
    例句:She was indifferent to his opinions.(她对他的意见毫不在意。)
  23. prefer /prɪˈfɜː(r)/
    中文释义:更喜欢,宁愿
    英文释义:to like one thing or person more than another
    构词:pre-(预先)+ fer(带来)→ 预先带好(倾向)→更喜欢
    例句:I prefer tea to coffee.(比起咖啡,我更喜欢茶。)
  24. preference /ˈprefrəns/
    中文释义:偏爱,偏好;优先权
    英文释义:a greater liking for one thing over another; a right to choose something before others
    构词:prefer(更喜欢)+ -ence(名词后缀)→ 偏爱的态度
    例句:Her preference for classical music is well-known.(她对古典音乐的偏爱是众所周知的。)
  25. proffer /ˈprɒfə(r)/
    中文释义:提供,提出;奉献
    英文释义:to offer something to someone, especially politely or formally
    构词:pro-(向前)+ fer(带来)→ 向前带来→提供
    例句:He proffered his help when he saw I was in trouble.(他看到我有困难,就主动提出帮忙。)
  26. refer /rɪˈfɜː(r)/
    中文释义:提到,涉及;参考,查阅;指的是
    英文释义:to mention or speak about someone or something; to look at a book, map, etc. for information; to be related to something
    构词:re-(再次)+ fer(带来)→ 再次带来(话题)→提到
    例句:The teacher referred to the importance of hard work.(老师提到了努力的重要性。)
  27. referable /ˈrefərəbl/
    中文释义:可归因于… 的;可参考的
    英文释义:able to be attributed to a particular cause; able to be referred to
    构词:refer(参考 / 归因)+ -able(形容词后缀)→ 可归因的
    例句:His illness is referable to stress.(他的病可归因于压力。)
  28. reference /ˈrefrəns/
    中文释义:参考,查阅;引文,参考文献;提及
    英文释义:the act of looking at something for information; a source of information; a mention of someone or something
    构词:refer(参考)+ -ence(名词后缀)→ 参考的行为或对象
    例句:You should include references in your research paper.(你的研究论文中应该包含参考文献。)
  29. referee /ˌrefəˈriː/
    中文释义:裁判员;仲裁者
    英文释义:an official who controls a sports game and makes sure that the rules are followed
    构词:refer(提出)+ -ee(表人,被动者)→ 被双方提出的裁决者→裁判
    例句:The referee blew the whistle to end the game.(裁判吹响了比赛结束的哨声。)
  30. referendum /ˌrefəˈrendəm/
    中文释义:公民投票,全民公决
    英文释义:a vote in which all the people in a country or an area are asked to give their opinion about or decide on something
    构词:refer(提出)+ -endum(表名词)→ 提出议题让公众表决→全民公决
    例句:The country held a referendum on whether to join the union.(该国就是否加入联盟举行了全民公决。)
  31. suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/
    中文释义:受苦,遭受;忍受,容忍
    英文释义:to experience physical or mental pain; to experience or tolerate something bad
    构词:suf-(在下面)+ fer(带来)→ 带到下面(承受压力)→受苦
    例句:She suffered a lot during the war.(她在战争期间受了很多苦。)
  32. sufferable /ˈsʌfərəbl/
    中文释义:可忍受的,能容忍的
    英文释义:able to be suffered or tolerated
    构词:suffer(忍受)+ -able(形容词后缀)→ 可忍受的
    例句:The pain was bad but sufferable.(疼痛很剧烈,但还能忍受。)
  33. transfer /trænsˈfɜː(r)/(动词);/ˈtrænsfɜː(r)/(名词)
    中文释义:转移,迁移;转让,过户;换乘
    英文释义:to move from one place, person, or situation to another; the act of transferring something
    构词:trans-(交换 / 跨越)+ fer(带来)→ 交换带来→转移
    例句:She transferred from the London office to the Paris office.(她从伦敦办事处调到了巴黎办事处。)
  34. transferable /trænsˈfɜːrəbl/
    中文释义:可转移的,可转让的;可换乘的
    英文释义:able to be transferred from one person or place to another
    构词:transfer(转移)+ -able(形容词后缀)→ 可转移的
    例句:The ticket is transferable to another person.(这张票可以转让给他人。)
  35. fertile /ˈfɜːtaɪl/
    中文释义:肥沃的,富饶的;多产的,有创造力的
    英文释义:able to produce good crops or plants; able to produce many children, ideas, etc.
    构词:fert-(=fer,带来)+ -ile(形容词后缀,表 “能… 的”)→ 能带来(粮食 / 成果)的→肥沃的
    例句:The fertile soil is good for growing wheat.(这片肥沃的土壤适合种小麦。)
  36. fertility /fəˈtɪləti/
    中文释义:肥沃,肥力;繁殖力,生产力
    英文释义:the quality of being fertile; the ability to produce children or young animals
    构词:fertile(肥沃的)+ -ity(名词后缀,表性质)→ 肥沃的性质
    例句:The fertility of the land depends on proper farming.(土地的肥力取决于合理耕作。)
  37. fertilize /ˈfɜːtəlaɪz/
    中文释义:施肥;使受精,使受孕
    英文释义:to add a substance to soil to make plants grow better; to make an egg or seed able to develop into a new life
    构词:fertile(肥沃的)+ -ize(动词后缀,表 “使… 化”)→ 使肥沃→施肥
    例句:Farmers fertilize their fields every spring.(农民每年春天给田地施肥。)
  38. fertilizer /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/
    中文释义:肥料,化肥
    英文释义:a substance added to soil to help plants grow
    构词:fertilize(施肥)+ -er(名词后缀,表物)→ 用于施肥的东西→肥料
    例句:Chemical fertilizers can improve crop yields.(化肥能提高作物产量。)
  39. proliferate /prəˈlɪfəreɪt/
    中文释义:激增,扩散;繁殖,增生
    英文释义:to increase a lot in number or amount; to grow or reproduce quickly
    构词:pro-(向前)+ lifer-(=fer,带来)+ -ate(动词后缀)→ 不断向前带来(数量增长)→激增
    例句:Online shopping has proliferated in recent years.(近年来网购激增。)
  40. affluent /ˈæfluənt/
    中文释义:富裕的,富足的
    英文释义:having a lot of money and a good standard of living
    构词:af-(=ad-,向)+ flu-(流)+ ent(形容词后缀)→ 原义 “流向”,引申为 “带来财富”→富裕的(与 fer 同属 “携带 / 流动” 语义场,常关联记忆)
    例句:She comes from an affluent family.(她来自一个富裕的家庭。)

备注说明:

  1. 词根关联
    fer 的核心含义是 “带来,拿来”,许多单词通过前缀(如 con - 共同、pre - 预先、trans - 跨越)和后缀(如 - ence 名词、-able 形容词)扩展语义,记忆时可结合前缀含义推导单词意思。
  2. 易混词区分
    deferment(延期)与 deference(尊敬):同根词但后缀导致语义不同,需根据语境区分。
    transfer 的动词和名词发音不同(重音位置变化),注意使用时的语音规则。
  3. 语义扩展
    fer 不仅表示 “物理上的带来”,还可引申为 “抽象的带来”(如 infer“带来意义→推断”、prefer“预先带来倾向→偏爱”)。
  4. 派生规律
    许多动词加 - ence 构成名词(如 confer→conference),加 - able 构成形容词(如 infer→inferable),掌握后缀规律可快速记忆派生词。
  5. 跨词场联想
    与 “携带 / 流动” 相关的词根(如 fer、flu、port)常存在语义关联(如 affluent 虽来自 flu,但可结合 fer 的 “带来” 含义辅助记忆 “富裕”)。
发布于 2025-08-01 19:12
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